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When an F atom becomes an F− ion, the F atom*
When a Mg2+ ion becomes a Mg atom, the radius increases because the Mg2+ ion*
A magnesium atom that loses two electrons becomes a*
Compared to a potassium atom, a potassium ion has*
What occurs when a magnesium atom becomes a magnesium ion?*
Base your answers to questions 6 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Solid sodium chloride, also known as table salt, can be obtained by the solar evaporation of seawater and from underground mining. Liquid sodium chloride can be decomposed by electrolysis to produce liquid sodium and chlorine gas, as represented by the equation below.
2NaCl(ℓ) → 2Na(ℓ) + Cl2(g)
State, in terms of electrons, why the radius of a Na+ ion in the table salt is smaller than the radius of a Na atom.*
Base your answers to questions 7 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
A bottled water label lists the ions dissolved in the water. The table below lists the mass of some ions dissolved in a 500.-gram sample of the bottled water.
Compare the radius of a Mg2+ ion to the radius of a Mg atom.*
Base your answers to questions 8 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
The formulas and names of four chloride compounds are shown in the table below.
Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the radius of a cesium ion in cesium chloride is smaller than the radius of a cesium atom when both are in the ground state.*
Base your answers to questions 9 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
The radius of a lithium atom is 130. picometers, and the radius of a fluorine atom is 60. picometers. The radius of a lithium ion, Li+, is 59 picometers, and the radius of a fluoride ion, F−, is 133 picometers.
Compare the radius of a fluoride ion to the radius of a fluorine atom.*
Base your answers to questions 10 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Potassium phosphate, K3PO4, is a source of dietary potassium found in a popular cereal. According to the Nutrition-Facts label shown on the boxes of this brand of cereal, the accepted value for a one-cup serving of this cereal is 170. milligrams of potassium. The minimum daily requirement of potassium is 3500 milligrams for an adult human.
Compare the radius of a potassium ion to the radius of a potassium atom.*
Base your answers to questions 11 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
A sample of seawater is analyzed. The table below gives the concentration of some ions in the sample.
Compare the radius of an Mg2+ ion in the seawater to the radius of an Mg atom.*
Explain, in terms of electrons, why the radius of a potassium atom is larger than the radius of a potassium ion in the ground state.*
Base your answers to questions 13 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
When magnesium is ignited in air, the magnesium reacts with oxygen and nitrogen. The reaction between magnesium and nitrogen is represented by the unbalanced equation below.
Mg(s) + N2(g) → Mg3N2(s)
Explain, in terms of electrons, why an atom of the metal in this reaction forms an ion that has a smaller radius than its atom.*
Base your answers to questions 14 on the information below.
The atomic number and corresponding atomic radius of the Period 3 elements are shown in the data table below.
Explain, in terms of electrons, the change in radius when a sodium atom becomes a sodium ion.*
Base your answers to questions 15 on the information below.
The diagram below represents an operating electrolytic cell used to plate silver onto a nickel key. As the cell operates, oxidation occurs at the silver electrode and the mass of the silver electrode decreases.
Explain, in terms of Ag atoms and Ag+(aq) ions, why the mass of the silver electrode decreases as the cell operates.*