Biology Test Preparation Practice

    (Nysed) Factors Influencing The Continuity Of Life

    NGSS: HS-LS1-8
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    Base your answers to questions 2 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the number of species that have become extinct since 1800. It also shows the change in the size of the human population for the same period of time.

    human influences on the environment, human influences on global stabilities of ecosystems fig: lenv12016-examw_g10.png

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    Base your answers to questions 8 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows some events associated with the reproductive cycle of human females.

    reproduction and development, factors influencing human reproduction and development fig: lenv62014-examw_g15.png

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    Base your answer to question 11-13 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

    The Critical Role of the Placenta

    The proper functioning of the placenta is critical to the growth and development of a healthy fetus. For example, the placenta appears to act as a nutrient sensor. It regulates the amounts and types of nutrients that are transported from the mother to the fetus.

    Improper functioning of the placenta can alter the structure and function of specific cells and organ systems in the developing fetus, putting it at risk for health problems as an adult. For example, in some pregnancies, the placenta develops a resistance to blood flow. This resistance appears to force the heart of the fetus to work harder. This could result in an increased chance of the individual developing heart disease as an adult. A group of hormones known as glucocorticoids affects the development of all the tissues and organ systems. One of the things this group of hormones does is to alter cell function by changing the structure of cell membrane receptors.

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    Base your answers to questions 18 on the information and diagram below and on your knowledge of biology.

    Endometriosis is a condition that occurs in some women, causing multiple cells or layers of cells to grow outside of the uterus. In some cases, these growths can actually cover the entire ovary or cause the tube leading from the ovary to the uterus to be blocked. The diagram below represents the female reproductive system. Two structures, A and B, are labeled.

    reproduction and development, human female reproductive system fig: lenv62013-examw_g31.png

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    Base your answers to questions 19 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

    The testes of a human male produce gametes. The process that produces these gametes differs from the process that produces new skin cells in the same individual.

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    Base your answers to questions 20 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.

    Placental mammals – as opposed to the kind that lay eggs, such as the platypus, or carry young in pouches, such as the kangaroo – are an extraordinarily diverse group of animals with more than 5000 species today. They [placental mammals] include examples that fly, swim, and run, and range in weight from a couple of grams to hundreds of tons. …

    Source: “Earliest Placental Mammal Ancestor Pinpointed,” BBC News, February 7, 2013.

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