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The diagram below represents a food web in a pond ecosystem.
Two carnivores in the food web are*
Many families now use compost to make the soil in their gardens more fertile. They collect vegetable scraps and yard trimmings, place them in a compost pile or special container, and let them decompose. The organisms primarily responsible for decomposing the vegetable scraps and yard trimmings are*
A food chain is represented below.
grass → rabbit → hawk
Structures within the rabbit are formed using*
Which sequence best represents the flow of energy through an ecosystem?*
A food web is represented below.
Which organism would receive the least amount of transferred solar energy?*
The sequence that best illustrates the flow of energy through an ecosystem is*
The diagram below represents relationships in an ecosystem.
What is the primary source of energy in this environment?*
Base your answers to questions 8 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents trophic levels in an ocean environment.
The organisms found at the second trophic level of this pyramid would be*
The final consumers in many food webs are*
Base your answer to question 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a pond ecosystem.
Energy in this ecosystem passes directly from the Sun to*
Which statement describes an activity of a decomposer?*
Base your answers to questions 12 on the table below and on your knowledge of biology.
Species A, B, C, and D are all different heterotrophs involved in the same food chain in an ecosystem. The table below shows the population of each of these species on one summer day.
Which species is most likely an herbivore? Support your answer with data from the table. [1]
Species: ________________________________________*
Base your answers to questions 13 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology.
Gray Wolves in the Rocky Mountains
Reintroduction of gray wolves in the northern Rocky Mountains has increased the ecological health of Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. When all wolves in Yellowstone National Park were killed in 1920, elk soon ate trees and shrubs down to short stubs. Now that wolves are reducing elk numbers, many aspens and willow trees are taller and fuller and birds are returning to the trees to nest. The beaver population has grown from one colony to 12 colonies in 13 years. Spreading these benefits across the Rocky Mountain region would require increasing the present wolf population of 1,770 to 17,000.
In September 2012, wolves lost federal protection in Wyoming. In 2014, Wyoming closed its hunting season after meeting its quota of 26 wolves around Yellowstone and Grand Teton parks. The sizes of traps to catch wolves have been regulated to reduce the chance of trapping endangered species such as lynx and wolverines and the hunting season was shortened. Some ecologists wonder if removing the wolves from federal protection and allowing them to be hunted is a good ecological decision.
In the space below, construct a food chain using three organisms identified in the above passage. [1]*
Base your answers to questions 14 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents the energy in kilocalories (kcal) available at different feeding levels in a food chain.
Complete the energy pyramid provided below by writing herbivore, plant, and carnivore in the correct locations. [1]
Energy Pyramid*
Base your answers to questions 15 on the food web represented below and on your knowledge of biology. The food web contains some of the organisms found in Glacier National Park.
Identify which group of organisms in this food web would contain the greatest amount of stored energy. Support your answer. [1]
Organisms:
Support:*
