Regents Living Environment Test Preparation Practice Regents Test, Full Exam Practice Online: living environment August 2016

1

Which sequence represents structures organized from most complex to least complex?*

(1) chloroplast → guard cell → leaf → oak tree

(2) guard cell → chloroplast → leaf → oak tree

(3) oak tree → guard cell → leaf → chloroplast

(4) oak tree → leaf → guard cell → chloroplast

2

Autotrophs differ from heterotrophs in that only autotrophs*

(1) require carbon dioxide for cellular respiration

(2) release oxygen as a product of cellular respiration

(3) synthesize nutrients using carbon dioxide and water

(4) break down sugars to assemble other molecules

3

Burmese pythons are large snakes that have been introduced into the Florida Everglades ecosystem. Burmese pythons and alligators hunt the same prey. One likely effect of the introduction of the pythons is that*

(1) alligators will have more prey available

(2) pythons will become native to the Everglades

(3) alligator populations will decline

(4) pythons will become an endangered species

4

Which activity enables humans to produce new genetic combinations in other organisms?*

(1) selecting and breeding the organisms for specific traits

(2) increasing the number of enzymes available to the organisms

(3) growing organisms that reproduce asexually

(4) decreasing the amount of DNA in the diet of the organisms

5

Before a cell divides, an exact copy of each chromosome is made by the process of*

(1) genetic engineering

(2) replication

(3) mutation

(4) recombination

6

Some time ago, there were thousands of California condors in North America. Large numbers were poisoned from lead in bullets that were used to kill the animals the condors fed on. An effort was made to help save this large scavenger. There are now more than 350 California condors in North America. The condors most likely increased in number because humans decided to*

(1) produce lead-resistant condors through asexual reproduction

(2) pass laws against using lead bullets to kill animals used by condors for food

(3) introduce plants that didn’t absorb the lead from discharged bullets

(4) produce lead-resistant prey for the condors through genetic engineering

7

In humans, the maintenance of a stable internal temperature is a direct result of*

(1) detection of and reaction to stimuli in the environment

(2) digestion of starches and absorption of protein from the internal environment

(3) diffusion of water and excretion of glucose to the external environment

(4) transport of ATP and locomotion through the environment

8

Which molecules are needed to cut and copy segments of DNA?*

(1) reproductive hormones

(2) carbohydrates

(3) antibodies

(4) biological catalysts

9

Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be*

(1) variations within a species

(2) extinction of the species

(3) asexual reproduction

(4) no change in the genes of an organism

10

The two reactions illustrated in the diagrams below often occur when a foreign substance enters the body.

homeostasis and immunity, immune response fig: lenv82016-exam_g1.png

The cells labeled A and B are examples of cells known as*

(1) guard cells

(2) reproductive cells

(3) white blood cells

(4) specialized skin cells

11

The diagram below represents a protein molecule present in some living things.

genetics and biotechnology, protein synthesis, structure and functions fig: lenv82016-exam_g2.png

This type of molecule is composed of a sequence of*

(1) amino acids arranged in a specific order

(2) simple sugars alternating with starches arranged in a folded pattern

(3) large inorganic subunits that form chains that interlock with each other

(4) four bases that make up the folded structure

12

Three human actions that have been made possible in recent times are:

• Doctors are able to diagnose and treat some fetal problems prior to the birth of a child.

• Cloning can produce large numbers of plants that are resistant to drought.

• Male insects can be sterilized with radiation to prevent them from mating successfully.

Which statement summarizes these three actions?*

(1) Reproductive technology has medical, agricultural, and ecological applications.

(2) Development is a highly regulated process involving mitosis and differentiation.

(3) Reproduction and development are subject to environmental effects.

(4) Human development, birth, and aging should be viewed as a predictable pattern of events.

13

Natural selection is best described as*

(1) a change in an organism in response to a need of that organism

(2) a process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect

(3) differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics

(4) inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism

14

Which statement best describes a situation where competition occurs in an ecosystem?*

(1) A deer outruns an attacking wolf.

(2) A deer, during the winter, consumes tree bark.

(3) A deer and a rabbit consume grass in a field.

(4) A deer and a rabbit are both startled by a hawk flying overhead.

15

A woman changes her hair color to red; however, her children will not inherit this red hair color because the woman does not have*

(1) genes for red hair in her skin

(2) genes for red hair in her sex cells

(3) proteins for red hair in the placenta

(4) proteins for red hair in her egg cells