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Hydrochloric acid reacts faster with powdered zinc than with an equal mass of zinc strips because the greater surface area of the powdered zinc*
According to which theory or law is a chemical reaction most likely to occur when two particles with the proper energy and orientation interact with each other?*
The equation below represents a reaction between two molecules, X2 and Z2. These molecules form an “activated complex,” which then forms molecules of the product.
Which diagram represents the most likely orientation of X2 and Z2 when the molecules collide with proper energy, producing an activated complex?*
A chemical reaction occurs when reactant particles*
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + energy
Which change in reaction conditions will increase the frequency of effective collisions between reactant molecules?*
A chemical reaction is most likely to occur when the colliding particles have the proper*
A reaction is most likely to occur when the colliding particles have proper orientation and*
As the temperature of a reaction increases, it is expected that the reacting particles collide*
The collision theory states that a reaction is most likely to occur when the reactant particles collide with the proper*
A reaction will most likely occur if the colliding particles have the proper*
Which statement explains why increasing the temperature increases the rate of a chemical reaction, while other conditions remain the same?*
Explain, in terms of collisions, why increasing the surface area of the hot carbon increases the rate of the forward reaction.*
Base your answers to questions 13 on the information below and your knowledge of chemistry.
Methanol can be manufactured by a reaction that is reversible. In the reaction, carbon monoxide gas and hydrogen gas react using a catalyst. The equation below represents this system at equilibrium.
CO(g) + 2H2(g) ⇌ CH3OH(g) + energy
Explain, in terms of collision theory, why increasing the concentration of H2(g) in this system will increase the concentration of CH3OH(g).*
Base your answers to questions 14 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Millions of tons of ammonia are produced each year for use as fertilizer to increase food production. Most of the hydrogen needed to produce ammonia comes from methane gas reacting with steam. This reaction, which occurs in a container under controlled conditions, is shown below in unbalanced equation 1.
Equation 1: CH4(g) + H2O(g) + energy → CO(g) + H2(g)
The reaction that produces ammonia is represented by balanced equation 2, shown below. A catalyst can be used to increase the rate of the reaction.
Equation 2: N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) + energy
A potential energy diagram for equation 2 is shown below.
Explain, in terms of collision theory, why an increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction between methane gas and steam.*
Base your answers to questions 15 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Carbon monoxide, CO(g), is a toxic gas found in automobile exhaust. The concentration of CO(g) can be decreased by using a catalyst in the reaction between CO(g) and O2(g). This reaction is represented by the balanced equation below.
Explain, in terms of collision theory, why an increase in temperature increases the rate of the reaction.*